This website is maintained by the Centre for Civil Society (CCS) and supported by the Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom.

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Anandibai Joshee: First Indian Woman Doctor
Anandibai went from being married at the age of nine by her orthodox family to becoming India's first female doctor of Western medicine.
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Written in the late 1950s, Democracy in India is Atulananda Chakrabarti’s attempt at redefining democracy. It covers two articles, “Role of Universities” and “Democracy for New India- Give Us the Definition.” In the former, he talks about universities as the central figures in shaping people’s ideas and thoughts. He says
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Shareefa Hamid Ali: A Pioneer of Intersectional Feminism
Ali was the president of the All India Women's Conference and a founding member of the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women.
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Rani Rashmoni Das: Reform in 19th Century Bengal
Das remains cemented in Bengali history through her liberal outlook, individualism, and reformist efforts.
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Authored by NK Ganapaiah, Real Land Reforms talks about the need to produce new wealth for India’s prosperity by expanding agriculture. He proposes the modernization of agriculture, animal husbandry, horticulture, fisheries, forestry, piggery, and poultry to solve national poverty and unemployment. He highlights land burden, fragmentation of holdings, unsound policies
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The Life & Legacy of Dr Janaki Ammal
Janaki Ammal was India's first woman botanist. Awarded Padma Shri for her contributions in 1977, Dr Ammal showed unmatched scientific rigour.
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In End to Appeasement, MR Masani expresses his displeasure at Nehru’s foreign policies on the issue surrounding Chinese aggression. He questions if India truly follows its non-alignment policy. He vociferates through the essay his disapproval for Nehru’s tactics of avoiding conflicts, suppressing facts from the Parliament, and failing to raise
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In this essay, MR Masani evaluates the merit of Swatantra Party’s ideas and discusses the Party’s agenda in the February 1976 elections, listing qualifications for being a stronger candidate than Congress. Drawing inspiration from the Bible, Lincoln, and Gandhi, the Swatantra Party believed in limited government and trusting the conscience
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The Social and Religious Decay was written by C. Rajagopalachari. It begins by explaining how one must have an innate desire to improve and help others. Any policy sabotaging these “social urges” is harmful. Emphasizing the role of free will, Rajagopalachari evaluates Congress’ policies as forceful, harming voluntary social cooperation
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IL Explainer – Ep 6 | Why Are Fundamental Rights Not Amendable?
A 1967 landmark judgement declared that it was not within the powers of the Parliament to abridge Fundamental Rights granted in Part III of the Constitution.
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